Immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapy for Viral Hepatitis
نویسنده
چکیده
Neither hepatitis B virus (HBV) nor hepatitis C virus (HCV) is cytopathic, and hepatitis is caused by the host immune response against virus-related peptides expressed on hepatocytes in conjunction with human leukocyte antigens (HLA). In acute self-limiting hepatitis, a broad immune response occurs that is strong enough to eradicate the virus or suppress viral replication (Rehermann, 1996). However, there are many mechanisms that hamper the antiviral immune response leading to persistent infection. To develop an optimal strategy to stimulate antiviral immune response with therapeutic potential, extensive analyses of immune mechanisms for successful viral eradication and immunosuppressive mechanisms induced by viral infection during persistent infection are required. The first half of this chapter discusses these points, followed by a discussion of immunotherapeutic approaches in both animal models and humans in the second half.
منابع مشابه
Immunological Aspect of Meningococcal disease: An overview in Host- Bacteria Interaction
Meningococcal disease remains a significant global public health and is unique among causes of bacterial meningitis and sepsis where it not only causes sporadic disease but also outbreaks. Meningococcal disease has a rapid onset with high mortality. The understanding of immunopathogenesis is crucial for development of novel therapeutic strategies and vaccines designed against meningococcal dise...
متن کاملNo Evidence of HTLV-II Infection Among Immonoblot Indeterminate Samples Using Nested PCR in Mashhad, Northeast of Iran
متن کامل
Evaluation of the need for treatment on 72 subjects with anti-HBe positive chronic hepatitis B
Background: Viral load and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels may not be the key points for making a decision in the treatment of anti-HBe positive chronic hepatitis B. The purpose of this study was to assess the histological evaluation of liver to find the need for treatment on 72 patients with anti-HBe positive chronic hepatitis B. Methods: The liver biopsy slides of the 72 patients (56 s...
متن کاملTranslational Implication of Galectin-9 in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Viral Infection
The interaction between galectin-9 and its receptor, Tim-3, triggers a series of signaling events that regulate immune responses. The expression of galectin-9 has been shown to be increased in a variety of target cells of many different viruses, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), influenza virus, dengue virus (DENV), and human immunodeficiency ...
متن کاملThe Relationship between Hepatitis C Genotypes and Viral Load: a study on hepatitis C patients in Kerman, Iran using Real-time PCR
Abstract Background: Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes varies geographically and can be associated with clinical aspects. The virus has six major genotypes and eleven sub-genotypes. According to the recent studies, in hepatitis C patients, treatment duration and ribavirin dosage should be determined based on the type of virus genotype. Be...
متن کامل